如何引用參考文獻（英文）

目錄方法1：APA（美國心理協會）標準1、引用作者姓名時按照先姓後名的順序，多個作者名字之間用逗號隔開，最後兩個姓名之間沒有逗號，用＆符號連線。2、註明出版日期。3、註明被引用文章的標題。4、註明你引用的文章所在期刊的編輯姓名。5、註明期刊名稱。6、給出頁碼範圍。7、註明出版商的姓名和所在地。方法2：MLA（美國現代語言協會）標準1、引用作者姓名時採用包括姓、名、中間名在內的全名。2、引用文章標題。3、註明文章所在的期刊名。4、註明期刊的編輯姓名。5、註明出版商資訊。6、註明被引用文章所在的頁碼。7、標出出版方式。方法3：芝加哥標準1、引用文章的作者名。2、註明引用文章的標題。3、註上被引用文章所在期刊的名稱。4、引用編輯姓名。5、標出文章所在的頁碼範圍。6、註上出版商的資訊。7、標出被引用部分所在的頁碼。在引用一篇文章時，除了標明題目之外還需要標明文章所在的期刊或書籍。下文中將介紹幾種不同的引用標準：APA（美國心理協會）標準，MLA（美國現代語言協會）標準和芝加哥標準。

方法1：APA（美國心理協會）標準

1、引用作者姓名時按照先姓後名的順序，多個作者名字之間用逗號隔開，最後兩個姓名之間沒有逗號，用＆符號連線。Doe, J.

Doe, J. & Johnson, S. Q.

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q.

2、註明出版日期。如果只能查詢到期刊發表的年份，標上年份即可，如果可以查詢到具體的出版日期，就按照年，月，日的格式進行引用，以句號結束。Doe, J. (2001).

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15).

3、註明被引用文章的標題。不要使用斜體、下劃線或者引號。標題的首字母大寫，如果有副標題的話，則冒號後的第一個字母也大寫，最後以句號結束。Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness.

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror.

4、註明你引用的文章所在期刊的編輯姓名。編輯姓名和期刊名稱以“In”為字首，按照先名後姓的格式進行引用。如果編輯姓名有兩個，用＆記號進行連線；三個以上的名字則用逗號連線。如果雜誌的編輯只有一名，在名字後的括號里加上ED.縮寫。多個編輯則採用EDs.縮寫。Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.),

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.),

5、註明期刊名稱。首字母大寫，標題加上引號。Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages

6、給出頁碼範圍。插入文章所在的頁碼範圍，以pp作為字首，字首之後有個句號。Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38).

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118).

7、註明出版商的姓名和所在地。列出出版公司的所在地和公司名稱，中間用冒號隔開，以句號作為結束。Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38). New York: Big Time Publisher.

Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118). New York: Big Time Publisher.

方法2：MLA（美國現代語言協會）標準

1、引用作者姓名時採用包括姓、名、中間名在內的全名。第一作者採用先姓後名的格式，其餘作者採用先名後姓的格式。三個及以上的姓名用逗號進行連線，最後兩個名字間用“and”連線，以句號結束：Doe, John.

Doe, John and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

2、引用文章標題。所有的主要詞彙都採用首字母大寫，標題以句號結束，給標題加上引號：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."

3、註明文章所在的期刊名。給期刊名加上引號，每個主要詞彙均首字母大寫，以句號結束：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.

4、註明期刊的編輯姓名。採用先名後姓的全名，在姓名之前加上Ed.縮寫，如果有不止一位編輯名則加上EDS.縮寫，以句號結束：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke.

5、註明出版商資訊。列出出版商所在的城市、出版商名稱以及出版年份。這裡只需要引用年份即可，不需要具體到日期。在城市名和出版商名稱之間用冒號相連，與年份用逗號相連，最後以句號結尾：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.

6、註明被引用文章所在的頁碼。標出文章所在的第一頁和最後一頁的頁碼。用連字號相連並以句號結尾：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118.

7、標出出版方式。如果是以書籍形式出版，則標上“Print”。以電子書形式出版則標上“Electronic”。如果電子書是以網站形式發表的則標上“Web”。最後以句號結尾：Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38. Print.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118. Electronic.

方法3：芝加哥標準

1、引用文章的作者名。如果是在腳註或尾註中引用作者名，則採用先名後姓的格式。如果是在參考文獻列表中進行引用，則對第一作者採用先姓後名的格式，其餘作者使用先名後姓的格式。腳註後以逗號結尾，參考文獻列表中以句號結尾：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson,

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

2、註明引用文章的標題。給引用文章標題加上引號，主要詞彙均首字母大寫，腳註和尾註中以逗號結尾，參考文獻列表中以句號結尾：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror,"

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."

3、註上被引用文章所在期刊的名稱。在書名前加上“in”。用引號引用書名，主要詞彙均首字母大寫，腳註和參考文獻列表中均以逗號結尾：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages,

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages,

4、引用編輯姓名。腳註中在編輯名前加上縮寫“ed.”，參考文獻列表中在編輯名前加上短語“edited by”。在腳註中只列出第一編輯的姓名，如果不止一位編輯的話，就在後面用縮寫“et al”代替。參考文獻列表中需要列出所有編輯的姓名：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke,

5、標出文章所在的頁碼範圍。只在參考文獻列表中標註，範圍包括文章所在的全部頁碼：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118.

6、註上出版商的資訊。包括出版商所在的城市和出版商名稱，其中用冒號隔開，在出版商資訊後加上冒號，再加上出版年份。當這些標註內容以腳註形式出現時需要加上括號作為插入內容，參考文獻列表中則不必，以句號結束即可：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011),

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.

7、標出被引用部分所在的頁碼。這隻出現在腳註中。標出你所引用的內容所在的那一頁，以句號結束：Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011), 111.

Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.